The facts and opinions in articles published on the International Journal of Engineering, Technology, and Natural Sciences (IJETS), Universitas Teknologi Yogyakarta, are those of the authors and contributors and do not necessarily reflect those of the editors, the editorial board, Universitas Teknologi Yogyakarta, or the organization or institution to which the authors are affiliated. The facts and opinions appearing in this journal are solely the personal statements of respective authors. Authors are responsible for all content in their article(s), including the accuracy of the facts, statements, citing resources, and so on. IJETS and editors disclaim any liability for IJETS or other parties' rights or any damage incurred as a consequence of using or applying any of the contents of IJETS. Material submitted to IJETS must be original and not published or submitted for publication elsewhere. Authors submitting a contribution to IJETS who have related material under consideration or in press elsewhere should upload a clearly marked copy at the time of submission and draw the editor's attention to it in their cover letter. If a part of a contribution that an author wishes to submit to IJETS has appeared or will appear elsewhere, the author must specify the details in the cover letter. Consideration by IJETS is possible if the main result, conclusion, or implications are not apparent from the existing work, or if there are other factors, such as if the other work is published in a language other than Indonesian. Authors are responsible for getting permission from the previous publisher or copyright holder if they are re-using any part of a paper published elsewhere, or that is copyrighted. The editors consider that all material is submitted in good faith and that their journals have full permission to publish every part of the submitted material, including illustrations.